Lining or friction member for brake bands, brake shoes, or qther articles



Sept. 25, 1923. 1;46,8,634

' I F. A. HEADSON LINING OR FRIQ CT'ION MEMBER.FOR BRAKE BANDS,

BRAKE SHOES, OR OTHER ARTICLES Filed May 9, 1921 e waxgtmm Patented Sept. 25, 1923.

UNITED. STATES PATENT OFFICE;

ran mi a. nnanson, or mrnwaoxna, WISCONSIN.

name on ram'rron mltmirnn n FOR BRAKE Balers, 'BRAK-E SHOES, on qrnaa ARTICLES.

Application filed Kay 9,:

To all whom it may concern: I

Be, it known thatf'I, FRANK'A. HEADSON,

a citizen of the United States, residing in Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Linings or F rictioifiMembers for Brake .Ba nds, Brake Shoes, r Other Articles.

This invention relates to linin s or fric:

'tion members for brake bands, br -e shoes or other articles, such, for instance, as those suitable for use upon hoists, drag-lines;'-1or other mechanisms having a brake.

The principal object of this invention is to provide a sim le, economical and efl'icient brake band, brahe shoe, or lining'f'or fric-T tion member'for a brake band, brake shoe or similar article.

A further object of the invention is to provide a brake hand, brake shoe or similar mechanism with a lining or friction mem-" her which is ada ted to enable suliicient friction to be pro need or obtained to'afford the desired degree of resistance -to the movementof a drum or other device engaged I by such brake or friction member,.and to provide sufficient lubrication to enable such friction to be obtained without injury to or cutting of the engaged surface of the drum or similar device the movement of which is to be controlled or retarded. 1 Other and further objects of the invention will appear from the following description and claims, and from an inspection of the accompanying drawings, which are made a part of this specification.

The invention -consists in the features, combinations, and details of construction, and the composition and arrangement of coacting elements and parts herein described and claimed. a

' In the accompanying drawings,

' Figure 1 is a view in elevation of a brake band providedwith a sectional lining, shoes or friction members in the form of segmentel blocksor parts constructed and adapted to operate in accordance with my invention; Fig; 2, is a view in cross-sectiontaken on,

line 2" of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow, and showing the manner of connecting the inner segmental friction memhers or lining with the outer metallic band or supporting members;

Fig. 3, is a perspective view of a blank 4 before being the operation ofmolding, and t ing, by

1921. serial no. 468,087.

or block of material of which the lining or segmental sections of the lining-when made of my preferred material, composition or elements-are to be formed, showing the massof pulp or material as it would a pear molded, compressed an' vulcaniaed, an inserted "graphite, sectile, or lubricating material or element; p a

Fig. 4 is a similar perspective view of a fiizigied; lock or segmental section of lining iii an; forming a friction member of .a brak band or shoe, as it would a pear after lie application of the required heat and pressure, and before. the insertion'of the graphite or lubrica ting element has beenfcompleted;

F ig, 5, is an inner view of the finished blockor lining member shown in Fig. .4,

showing the inner or friction surface of the same, and the arrangement of the inserts of graphite'or lubricating material;

Fig. 6, IS a top view ofthe lining member or shoe shown in Fig. 5, with a portion broken away and shown'in longitudinal section,'as it would appear taken on line 6, of Fig. 5, looking in 'thedirection of the arrow, and p Y Fi 7, is a view in crossrsection, taken on line of Fig." 5 V y In constructing a '5 l e bandor brake shoe, or other article, provided with a fric-.

tion member or lining made in accordance with my invention, I. provide a suitab e quantityof material consisting of or inclu preference, fibrous material and a binder o ,q'e'mentitious material adapted to be compressed and vulcanized.

The first nentioned element consists, by preference, offibrous asbestos, although a relatively small portion of organic material, such. as hemp, jute, or similar organic fibrous material may he used. The second mentioned element or hinder c'onsists, by pref erence, of cementitious material containing rubber, and may, and by preference does include a filler or bodyorming material.

The body-forming material of the binder before being provided with the may consist of or comprise, zinc, whiting, a

barium sulfate compound, such, for example as barytes, blue lead or sulphur or either of these in combination with any one or all of theothcr of said elements. A very desirable form'of binder comprises or consists of the other articles, or of, newirubber, or fresh cemfollowing elements employed, by preference,

in approximately the following proportions: rubber 30%. barytcs 39%, pulp 5%, lime 22 0-,

I litharge 2' sulphur 8%, blue lead 10%, by

instance, the composition may consist: of 90% fiber, and 10% binder oncementitouS-ma-i terial; or the proportions of cementitiolis material, preferably including rubber,- may? be increased to 150% of the mass the remaining 50% consisting of fibrous asbestos or I "canlzl'ng the rubberiorrubber solution and-- "handenmg theizmass; and itciis therefore l a fibrous material; and the relative "orportions of the elements forming the bin or may also be varied to a considerable extent,'and the binder may consist, substantially, or

wholly, of rubber and barytes and sulphur,

although I prefer to use the elements above mentioned in substantially the proportions above set forth,

The fibrous material may consist of or comprise remnants or fragments of asbestos cloth or fabric, such as that used in or produced incidentally to or during t-he manufacture of packing, belts, or similar articles of manufacture containing fibrousmaterial or asbestos.

The fibrous material or asbestos, whether in the form ofnew or raw asbestos, or in the form of remnants or fragments of asbestos cloth or fabric, is ground or thoroughlvdisintegrated and reduced to a finely,divided pulp-like condition, in any desired ordinary and well known manner, and is thoroughly intermixed with. the binden'or'withthe desired quantity offrubber or cementi'tio'us mas. terial containing rubber. or with whatris commonly known as rubber cement. The" material, when itbonsists, as it often does, in part of remnants of packing, belting or other articles containing rubber, is immersed in or subjected toithcaction of ben'zihe or gasoline, which'serves to cut or dissolve the rubber so as to provide a suitable rubber solution, the gasoline or benzine being allowed to evaporate. The rubber solution, whether formed of remnants of packing, belting or entitiousmaterial, is intermixed with the fibrous material while the rubber or rubber. solution is in a'liquid or semi-vulcanized, plastic, or partiallycured' condition, A pulp p weight. and may be varied to a consider, is extent as desired," or asrequired by varying conditions. Ifor or max of material is thus obtained which comprisesrubber or cementitious material containing rubber in -aliquid, plast1c or semivulcanized condition, and tibrous material preferably in the formf of fibrous asbestos,

or containing fibrousasbcstos. The pulp ormass, including fibrous material and rubber,

.or, cementitious material thusprovided, 1s

thoroughlyninhemnised and placed in a mold. while the fuh'li *olution is in a liquid, plastic. ou-Sl'tliflili condition and the mass ima plasticcondition, and issubjected to pressure laid to sullicient heat to vulcanize; thef'nu'bh and, desired size ant The-mold may be of any desired, ordinary er. or rubber solution, as hereinafter nldhe ree of hardness, and to the. i shape. :A; suitable quantity of hakelite may be usedin lieu of any desired quantity bf rubber, althouglr=Ijprefer rubber;

with suitable! mcans for applying. the m-..'

quired pressure and sufficient heat for-vultiu deemed unnecessartot-illustrate .or describe such mold in-detail herein, further than tosay that it should have 'side and end walls and uppervwand lower relatively ,movable mold plates all adapted ito form a mold i chamber having the;shape and dimensions necessary to form the article, or molded.-

piece offthe dcsired corresponding size ,and

shape. jThe-chambea-formed' by themold moldplates are separated the moldchamber {should be of such dimensions that when the 1 will admit betwecnthe side'and end walls anclitop and bottom' platcs,.- the required;

uantity of pulp oncompressibleinaterialor forming the desired blank or body..

the mold plates-or with the mold plates-and mold during the operation of compressing the pulp or material although it is possible to first compress thematerial and then, be-

fore vulcanizing it','to' place it'in a form, and then subject it-to heat sufiicientto vulcanize the rubber or cementitious material; or the i l i. mass comprising the fibrous material and cementitious material or hinder. The pulp canize the material. A hydraulic pressure of 5000' pounds to the. square inch, applied The -1equ1redheat is apphed,.by prefervi once, by admitting-steam into contact; with orc'ompressed materialwis allowedstor'cool no e action of t by preference-,[avhile thematerial is-in a heated condition, preferably at a temperature of 300 -Fl, "or therea'bout, andwhile the material is in a plastic 4 tion, is found in practice 7 0 e sufiicientwtd pressible dondi- 3 once. during the vulcanizing, and also during the cooling of the material, or funtil the material thus compressed in a plastic-comdition is allowed to cool and set and harden. The body ofthe' finishedfarticle is thus ex veedingly dense, compact and strong.

The temperatme should be .ma'intained, b preference, at or. above 250 F.,- and below 600 F.; and such temperature and required pressure shbuld be maintainedQfor thirty 'minutes,'or thereabout, the pressure time during which the, vulcaniaing is acnon-metallic material or com being continued, as already suggestemdurbig the coolin of the materia or for any desired perio in excess'o'fthe period of complished.

When remnants or fragments of asbestos cloth or fabric, or similar material is used,

such material or remnants may be found to contain a quantity of metal which is ordi-' narily in the form of copper or brasswire, or similar particles of metal to the extent 0t, 2%, more or less' ,'of the massof fibrous material, or any desired proportion of metal in a finely divided condition may -be'added to 1 the original mass of fibrous material, or to the pulp comprising fibrous material and a hinder, or hinder and-filler of any desired. material. In such cases the copper or metal is. finely ground or disintegrated so as to consist of I exceedingly small particles which, by preference, should not exceed in size the particles of ordinary metal filings, although they may be in the form of fine powder, or the particles or grains may of any desired degree of coarseness. The metallic particles or grains are, by preference, imbedded in the mass and surrounded by and in close adhesive contact with the fibrous material and hinder, or mass of nonmetallic material with which the metallic material is associated.

. Articles containing the foregoi elements without any, or with a very 'sma 1 pro portion of metal thus intermixed with .the ition, are adapted to be used when the-e ectrical conductivity, or non-conductivity of the material or body is comparatively unimportant but the non-metallic elements should be used without the admixture of any metal, when the article or body is to be a. non-conductor of electricity. And, from the foregoing, it will be readily understood that the brake shoe, or lining maybe made'wholly of noninetallic elements intermixed, molded, or compressed and vu canized in he manner.

.ized under graphite, plmnbago, or sectile carbon, or a ,carbon-containing composition or material as hereinafter described. a

,In making a brake, brake-shoe, or brake band a, or similardevice, or arti is of manufacture, in accordance with my invention, I provide a metallic brake body which may be in the form of. a flexible metallic brake band a, or similar brake, member of any desired type And any desired number of brake blocks, shoes, friction members or lining -members I) are provided, each formed, by

preference, of the composition of material,

or compound'above described. and molded,

compressed, subjected to heat. and vulcanressure, and allowed to ool and set and arden, by preference, snbstam tially as above described.

lining members b .is rovided with a series of openings 2, forme therein either during or bored, or otherwise formed in the men bers b, and are, by preference disposed in staggered'relation to each other, and snit- Eachof he shoes, 'frietion members or.

p the operationof. molding and vulcanizing' the same or in any ordipary and welLknownor suitable manner, during or after the comably. spaced apart. so t-hat the inner'extromihas or mouths of the openings 2 are in the inner friction surfaces 3 of the shoe or lining members 2, and the rims or.margins of the inner extremities of the openings are flush with the inner friction. surfaces of said brake shoe or lining members 6, and in suclm,

staggered relation to each otherthroughout.

the entire inner friction surfaces of said li'ning members that the friction surfaces will wear evenly, and the engaged friction surface of the drum or brake wheel member in frictional. engagementwith which the brakeshoe or'lining members b are held, when the device is in. operation, will wear away evenly and uniformly throughout the, entire area of such frictionally engaged surfaces. A multiplicity of molded r cast, or

inserted into and in snugly fitting,-and pref" ,otherwise formed. inserts or pins 4, formed L"! suitable material ad'a ted toaderably adhesive engagement with the walls of the openings 2, so as to completely fill each and all of the openings,- and form substantially integral or fixedgnd permanently attached parts, or inserts in the main body portions ofsaidzbralre shoe; mexiibersoi lin-' ing members I), The inner-'ends inserts or graphite pins tare flush with the inner friction surface of the lining or shoe member 6 of which they forms, part, and

' are adapted to wear away' with the' friction surface of-saidshoejorlining members b, so as to be at all times substantially flush with said friction surface,= and provide suliicient su cient hardness to prevent them from wearing away to such an extent or with such rapidity as tolubncate the-frlction' surfaces to excess, or in a'manner which will i nter-' fere with theeflicient operation of the device, or the desired degreeof frictional engage ment of the inner surfaces offthe, members b,:with the relatively movable .frictlon sur-' face engaged thereby; but these inserts or pinsare adapted to aflor only much lubrication as is desirable-or necessary to prevent cutting or scoring,- or unnecessary and avoidable wear! away of either, or

both of the engaged friction surfaces, when t-he. deviceisjnoperation. In other words, the lubricationfthua obtained is'not suliicient to eauseor permit any undesirable slipping of the en ged relatively movable fIIOtlQI) surfaoes,'- ut is only sufficient to preyent nnduewearing away or cutting of the surfaces ofith'eifnietionally engaged parts with which the '"i-nnei'ior exposed ends of thegraphite; pins or inserts 4 are in'contact whenltfie device is in operation.

,It will be readily understood, from the. foregoi that,.although I prefer to employ the grag hite inserts or pins 4 in combination with brake shoes or lining members 6 formed of a composition, or of material such asfthat herein described. I eontemplate'using such pins or inserts, and they ilrein'xlaptesiig-b graphite pin or inserted member 5, such as user-tin brake-shoes, linings, or friction menibers.;which maybe tormedof metal, orof any desired suitable materiaha'daptedto he employedv in an' eflicient manner-for 'th uses' and purposes in connection with which ln'ulrc-lmnds, brake-shoes, brake linings, or Slillllflffllfllfifl members are adapted or intended lobe used.-- Y

In thc-formofbrake band shown in the drawings eaeh segmental lining niember of block I is provided with asuitable number and headed boltsc are inserted through the openingsecgwiththe heads of the bolts, by preference,- in said openings, said bolts exhite inserts or pins vare formed is of phite "tending throughsuitable corresponding openings f .in the brake band or outer metallie brake membero', and having nuts 9 in threaded engagement with the threaded ends of said bolts, so as to securely hold the sectional lining nembers'b in position. The

inner-concave friction face 3 of each section b is concave, forming a segment' of a circle corresponding with the peripheral surface of the wheel or )art towhich the brake is to be applied; and the outr faces of the linin members I) are curved to correspond [with the curvature-of "the band a-' The lininq members b'are spaced apart suiiicientl' to permit the desired flexibility of the brake band or vdevice of which they 'formfthe lining or friction members, ()ne end of theband of is rovidedwith a, rod k, secured to the 'tle'xibl rivets Z, or in any; suitable manner; and the oppqsitb end of the, fle ribleband a has an adjusts, lejrod or'threade'd pin mconnected therewith, thefsauief hei n mounted in threadedengagement with :1 ug or threaded.

.i-boss'vn, upon 'said brake band, The boss n has a curved perforated base .0 fixed to the 'flexi'ble baindfrfi'by means of bolts' and nlits q as shown injFig. 1, orinany rfisired ordina mannerl'. The" in "n is provided jwitl'ithreuded jnuts 'jr ami in'thneaded engagementf'therewitli'on';opposite sides of the lug; a'nd Washers t may be; interposed be- L tween said'lnuts'and boss. Jam nuts u' are shownmounted in engagement with v the nuts r-aiid 8. The rod 10 has an eye 42' in its free end; and the rod in) has asimilar eye 'or aperture w. Bythis means the rods k and m are adapted to' be operatively con- 'nected with suitabl'e operating levers or oper-- atin mechanism forsetting [and releasing 'the rake. The operating levers may be of any'd sired' ordinary and well known-or suitable form, and it is deemed unnecessary to describe such operating mechanism or levers', as their construction and operation are well known'im'd familiar to those skilled in the art towhicli this invention relates.

Oneor any desired number of graphite pins i inserts may be in 'tllGTOIIIl of a is shownin Figs. 6 and 7. The graphite e band by means of insert 5 extendslransversely across the inner friction surface of the shoe member I), in a transverse groove which is of such form and dimensions as toprevent the graphite memher or insert from coming out. The graphite iin 5 fits tightly in thislransversc groove,: whu-h, by' preference, is open onione side,

and has the longitudinal marginal edges of 7 its longitudinal opening spaced apartsuiii- 4 (-icntlyio expose the graphite inserted in of apertures g: therein. as shown in Fig. 2;- the gl'mi\0,'lnii the mouth of the opening along the friction surface of the shoe lining on frnfimnniemb'er is narrower than the groove is, wide, and the inserted graphite a friction surface,

may be of any suitahle'form and dimensions I claim:

1. In a device of the class described, a friction shoe member formedof a composition containing asbestos and having a frictionsurface provided with'an aperture therein, and a lubricating member formed 'of material containing a libricant inserted in said aperture, for lubricating said friction surface.

2.'In a device of the class described,-.a friction shoe member formed of a composition containing asbestos and having a frie- -tion surface provided with an aperture therein, and

a lubricating member containing graphite inserted :in said aperture, for lubricating said friction surface.

3. In a device of the class described, a friction shoe member formed of a composition containing asbestos and provided with said friction shoe-member having a series of apertures in said friction surface, and a series of lubricating members containing graphite inserted in said. apertures, for lubricatingsaid surface.

4. In a device of the class described, a

' friction shoe member formed of a composimembers containing tron comprising in combination, fibrous asbestos, a

cementitious material containing rubber and sulphur, all intermixed together and compressed and vulcanized, and having a friction surface provided with a series 0 apertures therein, and a series of inserted a lubricant mounted in said apertures in said friction surface.

5. -In a device of the class described, a friction shoe member formed of a composition comprising in combination, fibrous asbestos, rubber and sulphur, all intermixed and vulcanized,

' and having a friction Surface provided with ,ber inserted an aperture therein, and a graphite memin said aperture and having an exposed surface flush with the friction sur- "ing rubber and sulphur,

face of the main body of such friction shoe member.

6. In a device of the class described, a

friction shoe member formed of a composition containing, in combination, fibrous asbestos, and a cementitious material contain ing rubber. and sulphur all intermixed together and compressed and vulcanized, and having a friction surface provided with a series of apertures,'and a series of lubricating members formed of graphite and inserted in said apertures and having their exposed surfaces flush with the friction surface of said composition friction shoe member.

1'1; Ina device of the class described, a friction shoe member formed of a composition comprising in combination, fibrous asbestos, and a cementitious material containall intermixe together and compressed and vulcanized, and provided with an aperture in the friction surface of such shoe member, and an insert containing graphite fitted in said aperture and having the exposed end of such insert flush with the friction surface of said friction shoe member.

8. In a device of the class described, a friction shoe member formed of a composition comprising'in combination, fibrous asbestos, cementitious material containing rubber and sulphur and a filler, all intermixed together and. compressed and vulcanized, and provided with a series of apertures in the friction surface of said friction shoe member, and a series of graphite pins fitted tightly in said apertures and having the exposed ends of said pins flush with said friction surface of the main body of the fric-. tion'" shoe member.

Dated at Chicago, Illinois, this 20th day of April, 1921. I

I FRANK A. H'EADSON.

Witnesses:

' HARRY I. CRoMnR,

Hrnonn E. Wronsrnom. 

